Exploring the History and Sustainable Developments of Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles are extremely small materials (less than 1000 nm) that exhibit unique physical and chemical properties due to quantum effects and their high surface area. These characteristics make them highly reactive and useful in applications such as energy storage, fuel cells, medicine, and environmental technologies. In particular, biogenic nanoparticles—produced using biological organisms—offer sustainable, non-toxic alternatives with promising real-world applications.